Most Tutsis accumulated wealth as herders while Hutus tilled the land. In the advent of colonialization, Hutus were more open to Christian conversion, and so they were awarded Tutsi land by the Germans. [19] “Rwanda: Aftermath,” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, https://www.ushmm.org/confront-genocide/cases/rwanda/rwanda-aftermath (19 August 2018). Unlike other genocides of the 20th century, the Rwandan genocide unfolded before the eyes of the national media. Most of the dead were Tutsis - and most of those who perpetrated the violence were Hutus. © 2020 BBC. Rwanda's genocide was triggered by the shooting down of President Juvenal Habyarimana's plane in Kigali on April 6, 1994. https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno15-8-01.htm (18 August 2018); [17] E.g. Paul Kagame, Rwandan military leader and politician, who, as leader of the Rwandan Patriot Front, defeated Hutu extremist forces to end the 1994 Rwandan genocide. https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno1-3-09.htm#P233_103259, (18 August 2018); Philip Gourevitch, We Wish to Inform You that Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families: Stories from Rwanda (New York: Picador, 1998). In some cases, Hutu civilians were forced to murder their Tutsi neighbours by military personnel. Journalists, radio broadcasters, and TV news reporters covered the events live from Rwanda, until the violence escalated to fanatical levels and all foreigners were encouraged to evacuate. But the death of the president was by no means the only cause of Africa's largest genocide in modern times. [21] “UNAMIR”, United Nations, https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/unamirS.htm (23 August 2018). The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Covid lockdown: Cardiff, Swansea and Llanelli get new restrictions, Police officer shot dead at Croydon Custody Centre, Covid: Coronavirus cases in England up 60% in a week, Tesco joins Morrisons to limit sales of some items, Covid-hit university students: 'Why have they sent us here? Half a million to a million Rwandans were executed, and nearly 70% of the Tutsi community was wiped out. Mark Cutts, “Chapter 10: The Rwandan genocide and its aftermath” in The State of the World’s Refugees 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Geneva: UNHCR, 2000), http://www.unhcr.org/en-my/3ebf9bb60.pdf (19 August 2018); “The Refugee Crisis,” Rwandan Stories, http://www.rwandanstories.org/genocide/refugee_crisis.html (19 August 2018).
In the shooting war, there are two conventional armies at each other, and in the genocide war, one of those armies, the government side with help from civilians, is involved in mass killings.”[14], UNAMIR, the UN peacekeeping force in Rwanda, was present on the ground throughout the course of the genocide. This force, however, was further delayed due to continuing arguments between the UN and the U.S. army over the cost of the Armored Personnel Carriers. Armed, backed, and led by the government of Rwanda (MRND), the Interahamwe are remembered today as the driving force of the genocide, comprised mostly of young Hutu men, influenced by the “Hutu Power” ideology. The Hutu civilians were incited to accumulate such weapons as machetes and clubs and to execute the neighboring Tutsis as well as destroy and steal property and also rape and maim.
The Tutsis remaining in Rwanda, mostly due to intermarriage or other family ties, would be discriminated against as racially “lesser” citizens by the new Hutu government. [11] “Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda – Organization,” Human Rights Watch, https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno4-7-03.htm (18 August 2018); [12] “Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda – Organization,” Human Rights Watch, https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno4-7-03.htm (18 August 2018); [13] “Ghosts of Rwanda,” Frontline (2004). The killings began in early April of 1994 and continued for approximately one hundred days until the “Hutu Power” movement’s defeat in mid-July. In Kigali, the presidential guard immediately initiated a campaign of retribution. During the genocide, the bodies of Tutsis were thrown into rivers, with their killers saying they were being sent back to Ethiopia. [6] The RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) was formed in as a political group of Tutsi nationalist exiles who demanded the right to return to their homeland as citizens and an end to social discrimination against the Tutsi in Rwanda.
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